One capsule contains: 

• Phosphatidylserine    50 mg
• Standardized extract of ginseng (Panax ginseng) 60 mg   
• Vitamin B6    5 mg   
• Vitamin C    30 mg   
• Vitamin E    5 mg    

 Package
30 capsules in a cardboard box (15 pink capsules in one blister and 15 blue capsules in another blister)

Dietary supplement

Recommendations for use:
Impairment of memory, attention and concentration,
For the improvement of mental health
For maintaining good mood and working efficiency.

Dosage
Take 1−2 pink capsules in the morning and 1−2 blue capsules in the evening.

Action of active substances
Memory and concentration depends on various bioelectrical and chemical processes, taking part at the same time in many brain centers. Decreasing amount of neurochemical substances that participate in memorizing processes and weakening of nervous impulse can decrease the ability to memorize things. Deterioration of memory can stimulate some psichoemotional conditions, nervous tension, depression and nutrition disorders.

Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid – a natural component of cell membranes internal layer.  The molecule of phosphatidylserine contains glycerolphosphate, amino acid L-serine and 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was first found in brain lipids, called cephalines. It can also be found in soybeans, cabbages, and egg yolk. Phosphatidylserine acts like transmembranous carrier, which is necessary for nutrition of nervous tissue, and the transmission of nervous signals. It takes part in the synthesis of structural proteins (neurotransmitters) and has a positive effect on mental activity, memory and good mood.
Experiments with animals determined that phosphatidilserine augments the amount of acetylcholine by stimulating the activity of endogenic choline that is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine. Increased amount of neurotransmitter acetylcholine improves the transmission of nervous impulse. Phosphatidilserine has a positive effect on hippocampus – the part of the brain that is responsible for the storage of information and has cognitive functions stimulating qualities.
Multiple double blind trials determined that phosphatidylserine effectively improved mental abilities in case of Alzheimer disease and senile dementia (8−17), had a positive effect in people with depression (19−20), strengthened the muscles, by inhibiting the secretion of cortizol, which stimulates the decomposition of muscles in case of heavy physical strain (21-23).

Ginseng
Ginseng grows in East Asia and South America. It is thought that ginseng was found in China 5000 years ago. At the beginning ginseng was used for food but very soon it was noticed that it had stress relieving and adaptogenic qualities. It can increase physical activity and decrease fatigue. Ginseng is called a rejuvenating and an energizing plant. The root of ginseng is valuable and often used in folk medicine. Ginseng contains volatile oils, microelements, enzymes, C and B group vitamins, phytoestrogens, sugars, pectins and other substances. The treating quality is determined by 29 ginsenosides, known as triterpene saponines. Triterpene saponines help to fight stress, fatigue and have adaptogenic, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant qualities. It help to control blood sugar and cholesterol concentrations and blood pressure.
Latest clinical trials determined that ginseng improved central and peripheral blood circulation. It acts as a vasodilatator, increases physical and psychological activity, the immunity of organism. Ginseng extract helps to improve thinking, studying, concentration and memorizing processes. It decreases stress, fatigue and increases one’s endurance.
 
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 can penetrate nervous cells, regulate the reproduction and differentiation of cells and proteins metabolism. This vitamin can influence brain enzyme processes, increase the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.

Vitamins E and C
These vitamins are antioxidants. They improve the activity of brain, stop the progression of Alzheimer disease, and protect the brain cells from damage. According to clinical trials, vitamins E and C can help to distance memory disorders, improve the perception and decrease the symptoms of dementia. (Masaki KH, Losonczy KG, Izmirlian G. Association of vitamin E and C supplement use with cognitive function and dementia in elderly men. Neurology. 2000;54:1265-1272.)
Scientific researches demonstrating the efficiency

Phosphatidilserine
Alzheimer disease and dementias caused by other diseases
500 people participated in a trial for 6 months in Italy. All of them complained of mental activity disorders that were diagnosed using standard tests. The patients were administered 300 mg of phosphatidilserine or placebo treatment. In comparison with placebo, the symptoms of depression decreased and the mental activity and cognitive functions increased in the phosphatidilserine group. (Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, et al. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging(Milano). 1993;5:123–133.)

Senile dementia
Elderly with an impaired memory but not yet with dementia were administered phosphatidilserine after an examination. The significant improvement of memory was noticed in comparison with placebo.(Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology. 1991;41:644–649. Jorissen BL, Brouns F, Van Boxtel MP, et al. The influence of soy-derived phosphatidylserine on cognition in age-associated memory impairment. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4:121-134. )

Depression
500 patients were administered acetyl-L-carnitine and placebo. Significant regression of depression symptoms was determined in the group acetyl-L-carnitine in comparison with placebo.

Literature:
About Phosphatidilserine
1. Toffano G, Leon A, Benvegnu D. Effect of brain cortex phospholipids on catechol-amine content of mouse brain. Pharmacol Res Commun. 1976;8:581–590.
2. LaBrake CC, Fung LW. Phospholipid vesicles promote human hemoglobin oxidation. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:16703–16711.
3. Orlando P, Cerrito F, Zirili P. The fate of doubly-labelled brain phospholipids administered to mice. Farmaco. 1975;30:451–458.
4. Gindin J, et al. The effect of plant phosphatidylserine on age-associated memory impairment and mood in the functioning elderly. Rehovot, Israel. Geriatric Institute for Education and Research and Dept. of Geriatrics, Kaplan Hospital, 1995.
5. Crook TH III, Adderly BD. The Memory Cure: The Safe, Scientifically Proven Breakthrough That Can Slow, Halt, Or Even Reverse Age-Related Memory Loss. New York, NY: Pocket Books; 1998:71, 72.
6. Gaby AR. Don't believe everything you read. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. May 1997:122–123.
7. Gindin J, et al. The effect of plant phosphatidylserine on age-associated memory impairment and mood in the functioning elderly. Rehovot, Israel. Geriatric Institute for Education and Research and Dept. of Geriatrics, Kaplan Hospital, 1995.
8. Amaducci L. Phosphatidylserine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Results of a multicenter study. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24:130–134.
9. Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology. 1991;41:644–649.
10. Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1992;28:61–66.
11. Delwaide PJ, Gyselynck-Mambourg AM, Hurlet A, et al. Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986;73:136–140.
12. Engel RR, Satzger W, Gunther W, et al. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1992;2:149–155.
13. Funfgeld EW, Baggen M, Nedwidek P, et al. Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in Parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT). Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989;317:1235–1246.
14. Nerozzi D, Aceti F, Melia E, et al. Phosphatidylserine and memory disorders in the aged [in Italian; English abstract]. Clin Ther. 1987;120:399–404.
15. Palmieri G, Palmieri R, Inzoli MR, et al. Double-blind controlled trial of phosphatidylserine in patients with senile mental deterioration. Clin Trials J. 1987;24:73–83.
16. Villardita C, Grioli S, Salmeri G, et al. Multicentre clinical trial of brain phosphatidylserine in elderly patients with intellectual deterioration. Clin Trials J. 1987;24:84–93.
17. Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, et al. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging(Milano). 1993;5:123–133.
18. Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology. 1991;41:644–649.
19. Maggioni M, Picotti GB, Bondiolotti GP, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990;81:265–270.
20. Brambilla F, Maggioni M, Panerai AE, et al. Beta-endorphin concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly depressed patients—effects of phosphatidylserine therapy. Neuropsychobiology. 1996;34:18–21.
21. Fahey TD, Pearl M. Hormonal effects of phosphatidylserine during 2 weeks of intense training. Abstract presented at: National Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine;June, 1998; Orlando, Fla.
22. Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, et al. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;42:385–388.
23. Fahey TD, Pearl M. The hormonal and perceptive effects of phosphatidylserine administration during two weeks of resistive exercise-induced overtraining. Biol Sport. 1998;15:135–144.
24. Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, et al. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging(Milano). 1993;5:123–133.
25. Amaducci L. Phosphatidylserine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Results of a multicenter study. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24:130–134.
26. Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1992;28:61–66.
27. Delwaide PJ, Gyselynck-Mambourg AM, Hurlet A, et al. Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986;73:136–140.
28. Engel RR, Satzger W, Gunther W, et al. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1992;2:149–155.
29. Funfgeld EW, Baggen M, Nedwidek P, et al. Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in Parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT). Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989;317:1235–1246.
30. Nerozzi D, Aceti F, Melia E, et al. Phosphatidylserine and memory disorders in the aged [in Italian; English abstract]. Clin Ther. 1987;120:399–404.
31. Palmieri G, Palmieri R, Inzoli MR, et al. Double-blind controlled trial of phosphatidylserine in patients with senile mental deterioration. Clin Trials J. 1987;24:73–83.
32. Villardita C, Grioli S, Salmeri G, et al. Multicentre clinical trial of brain phosphatidylserine in elderly patients with intellectual deterioration. Clin Trials J. 1987;24:84–93.
33. Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology. 1991;41:644–649.
34. Fahey TD, Pearl M. Hormonal effects of phosphatidylserine during 2 weeks of intense training. Abstract presented at: National Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine;June, 1998; Orlando, Fla.
35. Fahey TD, Pearl M. Hormonal effects of phosphatidylserine during 2 weeks of intense training. Abstract presented at: National Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine;June, 1998; Orlando, Fla.
36. Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, et al. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;42:385–388.
37. Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, et al. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;42:385–388.
38. Fahey TD, Pearl M. The hormonal and perceptive effects of phosphatidylserine administration during two weeks of resistive exercise-induced overtraining. Biol Sport. 1998;15:135–144.
39. Monteleone P, Beinat L, Tanzillo C, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine on the neuroendocrine response to physical stress in humans. Neuroendocrinology. 1990;52:243–248.
40. Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, et al. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging(Milano). 1993;5:123–133.
41. Cenacchi B, Baggio C, Palm E. Human tolerability of oral phosphatidylserine assessed through laboratory examinations. Clin Trials J. 1987;24:125–130.
42. van den Besselaar AM. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine synergistically promote heparin’s anticoagulant effect. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1995;6:239–244.
43. Blokland A, Honig W, Brouns F, et al. Cognition-enhancing properties of subchronic phosphatidylserine (PS) treatment in middle-aged rats: comparison of bovine cortex PS with egg PS and soybean PS. Nutrition. 1999;15:778–783.
44. Furushiro M, Suzuki S, Shishido Y, et al. Effects of oral administration of soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine on impaired learning of passive avoidance in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1997;75:447–450.
45. Suzuki S, Yamatoya H, Sakai M, et al. Oral administration of soybean lecithin transphosphatidylated phosphatidylserine improves memory impairment in aged rats. J Nutr. 2001;131:2951-2956.
46. Sakai M, Yamatoya H, Kudo S. Pharmacological effects of phosphatidylserine enzymatically synthesized from soybean lecithin on brain functions in rodents. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1996;42:47–54.
47. Jorissen BL, Brouns F, Van Boxtel MP, et al. The influence of soy-derived phosphatidylserine on cognition in age-associated memory impairment. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4:121-134.
48. Kingsley MI, Wadsworth D, Kilduff LP et al. Effects of Phosphatidylserine on Oxidative Stress following Intermittent Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:1300-1306.
49. Kingsley MI, Miller M, Kilduff LP et al. Effects of Phosphatidylserine on Exercise Capacity during Cycling in Active Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:64-71.
50. Hellhammer J, Fries E, Buss C et al. Effects of soy lecithin phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex (PAS) on the endocrine and psychological responses to mental stress. Stress. 2004;7:119-26.

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