Rutin, vitamin C with prolonged action, selenium, zinc

Composition

One tablet contains:                   
Rutoside    200 mg    
vitamin C with prolonged action (128 mg of calcium ascorbate)    100 mg    167 % RPN*
Selenium (25 mg of selenium yeast)    50 μg    
Zinc (35 mg zinc gluconate)    5 mg    42 % RPN*

Dietary supplement

Recommendations for use:
• Strengthening the immune system and blood vessels

Rutin
Rutin is a bioflavonoid. Largest amounts of rutin can be found in buckwheat flour, citrus fruit, black tea, and apple skin. During digestion processes rutin is metabolized into aglycon and kvercetine.
Mode of action:  
Rutin is an antioxidant, it has anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, cytoprotective and vasoprotective mode of action. It stabilizes vitamin C. Besides, acting with vitamin C it increases it’s effect and has a positive effect on lipids metabolism. Rutin strengthens blood vessels, decreases the permeability of the cell wall, bleeding rate. It can stop the edema of blood vessels. Rutin can help to decrease the cytoxicity of the oxygenated DTL cholesterol that is one of the factors responsible for the development of atherosclerosis. There are some evidences that rutin can protect tissues from oxygenative lesions in case of inflammation by increasing the amount of antioxidant glutathione. Rutin inhibits the lipid peroxidation and protects organism from atherosclerosis.

Vitamin C with prolonged action
Vitamin C takes action in many physiological processes of the organism: metabolism of connective tissue, synthesis of glucosamines, strengthening the immune system, metabolism of cholesterol, strengthening the walls of blood vessels. Besides, it has antioxidant qualities and is necessary for iron assimilation processes.
Demand of vitamin C increases in case of recurrent or permanent stress, smoking, infectious diseases, inadequate nutrition and for elderly people.
Vitamin C with prolonged action is absorbed easily and more quickly, its plasma concentration is higher, but the elimination processes are slower. It can be found in urine much later than a common vitamin C. Vitamin C with prolonged action remains in human body 2−3 times longer. It is beneficial in decreasing the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases or in significant fall of the concentration of this vitamin. Preliminary, the molecular volume of vitamin C with prolonged action is higher than common vitamins and that may be the reason of slower filtration through kidneys and excretion with urine.
Good absorption and late vitamin C excretion with urine determines an optimal biochemical activity.
Double blind, placebo controlled trials determined that vitamin C with prolonged action cause gastrointestinal disorders less often and is better tolerated than a common vitamin C. (Issue of Advances in Natural Therapy). During the administration of prolonged action vitamin C no oxalic stones are formed.  

Zinc
Zinc is an immunostimulator and an antioxidant. This microelement has inflammation suppressing properties. It can be found in beef, turkey, beans, nuts, corns, pumpkin seeds, and sunflowers. The lack of zinc may occur in case of impaired absorption or inadequate nutrition. Lack of zinc mostly occurs in elderly or in case of inadequate nutrition. The symptoms of zinc deficiency are: hair loss, skin lesions, leukonychia, lesions of body tissues, prolonged healing of wounds, weak immune system, skin rashes.  

Selenium
Selenium is an antioxidant. It strengthens immune system, stimulates the growth of hair. Lack of selenium may cause anemia, it can impair functioning of nervous system and thyroid gland.

Dosing
Take 1 capsule a day. In case of increased demand take 1 capsule 2 times a day.

Literature:
Clement DL. Management of venous edema: insights from an international task force. Angiology. 2000; 51:13-17.
Cruz T, Galvez J, Ocete MA, et al. Oral administration of rutoside can ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Life Sci. 1998; 62:687-695.
Deschner EE, Ruperto JF. Wong GY, Newmark HL. The effect of dietary quercetin and rutin on AOM-induced acute colonic epithelial abnormalities in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Cancer. 1993; 20:199-204.
Drewa G, Schachtschabel DO, Palgan K, et al. The influence of rutin on the weight, metastasis and melanin content of B16 melanotic melanoma in C57BL/6 mice. Neoplasma. 1998; 45:266-271.
Galvez J, Cruz T, Crespo E, et al. Rutoside as mucosal protective in acetic acid-induced rat colitis. Planta Med. 1997; 63:409-414.
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Olthof MR, Hollman PC, Vree TB, Katan MB. Bioavailabilities of quercetin-3-glucoside and quercetin-4'-glucoside do not differ in humans. J Nutr. 2000; 130:1200-1203.
Park JB, Levine M. Intracellular accumulation of ascorbic acid is inhibited by flavonoids via blocking of dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid uptakes in HL-60, U937 and Jurkat cells. J Nutr. 2000; 130:1297-1302.
Perez Guerrero C, Martin MG, Marhuenda E. Prevention by rutin of gastric lesions induced by ethanol in rats: role of endogenous prostaglandins. Gen Pharmacol. 1994; 25:575-580.
Rueff J, Gaspar J, Laires A. Structural requirements for mutagenicity of flavonoids upon nitrosation. A structure-activity study. Mutagenesis. 1995; 10:325-328.
Schmitt A, Savayre R, Delchambre J, Negre-Salvayre A. Prevention by alpha-tocopherol and rutin of glutathione and ATP depletion induced by oxidized LDL in cultured endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1995; 116:1985-1990.
Webster RP, Gawde MD, Bhattacharya RK, Protective effect of rutin, a flavonol glycoside, on the carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair enzymes in rats. Cancer Lett. 1996; 109:185-191.
Wright, J.V, and R.M.Suen. 1990. Comparative studies of „Ester C“ versus L-ascorbic acid. International Clinical Nutrition Review: 237-271
Bush, M.J., and A.J Verlangieri, 1987. An acute study on the relative gastrointestinal absorption of a novel form of calcium ascorbate. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology 57:137-140